A vehicle charging station is a public or private power supply device that interfaces with plug-in electric vehicles to recharge their batteries. Also known as EV chargers, they can be located at parking lots and garages, workplaces and apartment complexes, as well as in homes. The vehicle charging station converts AC power to DC electricity and delivers it to the vehicle, bypassing the battery’s onboard converter. There are many different types of EV charging stations, with the most common being Level 2 chargers. Some Level 3 charging stations (also called DC fast chargers) are available, but they’re much less common and cost more to use than Level 2 stations.

An EV charger typically comes with a flexible cable that connects to a vehicle’s charge port. Public charging stations are often equipped with multiple connectors to accommodate a wide range of EV models. Most charging stations are found on the street or in designated parking areas at retail shopping centers, government facilities and other commercial locations. A centralized charging station might house one or more EVSE ports at a single location, and may include a control panel, power monitoring system and a variety of other features. A home EV charger generally connects to a vehicle’s 240-volt outlet, and can be connected with a specialized adapter to an existing wall outlet. Alternatively, it can be plugged into a dedicated 240-volt circuit in a garage or a single- or multistory carport. Several charging stations can be connected in a grid, to enable vehicles to contribute back to the energy system during periods of peak demand.

Some EV drivers use a mobile app to find charging stations as they travel. The app lets them enter the address of a destination and then display available charging stations in the area. They can select the most convenient station based on its proximity and amenities, and then reserve time to charge their cars. The app can also help EV drivers plan longer trips and route their routes accordingly.

When using a public EV charger, drivers must usually sign up for a membership with the network operator. The network stores a credit card on file and provides users with a card they wave in front of the charger to activate a charging session. The costs are generally by the minute, and depend on the power level of the EVSE port and the maximum capacity of the vehicle’s battery.

Many employers are installing charging stations for their employees who drive EVs. This is especially true for large companies that have multiple locations. EV-driving workers appreciate the ability to charge their cars at work, so they can concentrate on their jobs during business hours and drive home with a fully charged car at the end of the day. The 34 percent of EV drivers who already make use of workplace charging say it has made their commute and everyday driving more pleasant and convenient.